Lecture 12 - Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions

Tuesday, February 20, 2024

9:00 AM

"In a chemical reaction, nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed." Lavoisier "﷟HYPERLINK "https://www.google.com/books/edition/Elementary_treatise_on_chemistry/oKxcAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover"Traité Élémentaire de Chimie" (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry), published in 1789 Class notes (1-11): https://bricejurban.github.io/CHEM101/ Assignments this week: ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28698/assignments/998373"HW 9 - Balancing Chemical Reactions Take the practice exam (posted by Thursday) and study Assignments next week: ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28698/assignments/967933"Midterm 2 (Tuesday 2/27 in class) New Homework, Reading Quiz and Activity on Chemical rxns CIC (EDUC 107) Hours: Friday 11AM - 1PM Office Hours (SCNC 314 or Zoom): ﷟HYPERLINK "https://calendly.com/bricejurban/office-hours"By appointment Submit your lecture 11 problems during class today or by the end of the day on Gradescope for extra credit Review the feedback I gave for lectures 8-10 on Gradescope. Similar problems will show up on next week's midterm. Gradescope.PNG Machine generated alternative text: CHEMIOI 001 course ID: 720177 Description Spring 2024 Edit your course description on the Course Settings page. Active Assignments Lecture Il • Chemical Reactions Extra Credit Lecture 10 • Molecular Geometries H•bondingdungraded) Lecture 9 • Lewis Structures Il (ungradedl Lecture 8 Lewis Structures I (ungraded) Today (2/20): Chapter 4.1-4.3 Predicting Products of Chemical Rxns End of Material for Midterm 2 Thursday (2/22): Chapter 4.4, Chapter 5.1 Oxidation-Reduction Moles Make a study plan: Midterm 2 is next Tuesday 2/27 If you have elements that are already balanced, you might be able to maintain this balance by using fractions to reduce or increase the amount of an element to finish balancing the equation.
Na + H2O ⟶ NaOH + H2 SO2 + O2 + H2O ⟶ H2SO4 H2O2 ⟶ H2O + O2 KClO3 ⟶ KCl + O2 Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
S8 + F2 ⟶ SF6 S8 + O3 ⟶ SO2 Tips for Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions Understand the characteristic patterns of the main reaction types from lecture 11 Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, and Combustion ChemicalReactionTypes.png Machine generated alternative text: Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Combination or Synthesis Reaction 2. Decomposition Reaction 3. Single-replacement Reaction 4. Double-replacement Reaction 5. Combustion Reaction 0+0 Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
ChemicalReactionTypes.png Machine generated alternative text: Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Combination or Synthesis Reaction 2. Decomposition Reaction 3. Single-replacement Reaction 4. Double-replacement Reaction 5. Combustion Reaction 0+0 Know your diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 Use your periodic table and periodic chart of the ions Be familiar with the polyatomic ions Polyatomic Ions.PNG Machine generated alternative text: acetate ammonium benzoate borate carbonate C2H302- NH4' C7H502' B033- Table Of Polyatomic Ions hydrogen carbonate HC03• perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite chromate C103- C102- CIO- cro,2- dichromate cyanide hydroxide iodate nitrate oxalate permanganate phosphate cro OH 103- Nos- Noz- czo, Mno, p 043- dihydrogen phosphate silicate sulphate sulphite hydrogen sulphide hydrogen sulphate hydrogen sulphite thiocyanate thiosulphate H2PO,- so? HSO,- HSOö SCN hydrogen phosphate HPO, Consider charge balance in ionic reactions, don't just copy the subscripts from the reactants over to the products Practice, Practice, Practice. That's what today is all about. Homework 9 is going to be helpful. Synthesis Reactions (S) In these reactions, two different molecules or atoms unite to form a single substance. SO2 + O2 ⟶ ? Write the correct formula on the right hand side of the arrow. SO2 + O2 ⟶ SO3 (SO4 might also be an acceptable answer) Balance the equation by inspection, making sure that there is the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow. 2SO2 + O2 ⟶ 2SO3 Decomposition Reactions (D)
Decomposition Reactions (D) In these reactions, a single substance is broken down into two or more simpler substances. (Reverse of direct combination reactions) KClO3 ⟶ ? + ? Write the correct formula for the decomposition products on the right hand side of the arrow. KClO3 ⟶ KCl + O2 (Ionic compound and an element) Balance the equation by inspection as in direct combination reactions. 2KClO3 ⟶ 2KCl + 3O2 Single Replacement (SR) In these reactions, a free element reacts with a compound to form another compound and release one of the elements of the original compound in the elemental state. Na + H2O ⟶ ? + ? Na + HOH ⟶ ? + ? (for water think of it as HOH in a SR) Write the correct formulae for the products formed on the right hand side Na + HOH ⟶ NaOH + H2 (H is always H2 in the elemental state) Balance the equation by inspection as previous examples. 2Na + 2H2O ⟶ 2NaOH + H2 Double Replacement (DR) In these reaction, the reactants switch "partners" 2NaCl + H2SO4 ⟶ Na2SO4 + 2HCl It is important that the formulae of the products be written correctly. If they are correct, balancing the equation by inspection is a simple task; if not, the equation will never balance. In these reaction, there is never a change in oxidation state (we will learn this next class) It is a simple task to write the equation, but, what is more important does the reaction takes place? Does it go to completion? One of the product is a gas and is allowed to escape. An unionized substance such as H2O or NH3 is formed.
An unionized substance such as H2O or NH3 is formed. An insoluble substances is formed. (We will learn these solubility rules in chapter 6) All nitrates and acetates are soluble. All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those of Pb2+, Ag+, and Hg2+. All sulfates are soluble except those of Ba2+, Sr2+, and Pb2+. CaSO4, Ag2SO4, and Hg2SO4 are slightly soluble. All hydroxides are insoluble except those of group I in the periodic table, NH4+, and Ba2+. Ca(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2 are slightly soluble. All carbonates and phosphates are insoluble except those of group I and NH4+. Many hydrogen phosphates are soluble. All sulfides are insoluble except those of Group I and Group II in the periodic table and NH4+ Combustion Reaction of oxygen with an compound containing carbon and hydrogen ("burning") C2H6 + O2 ⟶ ? + ? Know that the combustion products are always CO2 and H2O C2H6 + O2 ⟶ CO2 + H2O Balance the reaction by first balancing carbon, hydrogen, then oxygen 2C2H6 + 7O2 ⟶ 4CO2 + 6H2O Classify each reaction as Combustion (C), Decomposition (D), Double Replacement (DR), Single Replacement (SR), or Synthesis (S), write the skeleton equation, then balance the equation.
Classify each reaction as Combustion (C), Decomposition (D), Double Replacement (DR), Single Replacement (SR), or Synthesis (S), write the skeleton equation, then balance the equation. Hydrogen gas is combined with oxygen gas. Gaseous hydrogen iodide is heated strongly. Solutions of sodium phosphate and strontium chlorate are mixed to form a solution of sodium chlorate and a strontium phosphate precipitate. Strontium metal is placed in an aqueous solution of copper(I) bromide to form copper metal and aqueous strontium bromide. Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
strontium bromide. Liquid benzene (C6H6) is burned in air. Solid potassium chlorate was strongly heated to form solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas. Rest on your own! Solutions of sodium bromide and lead(II) acetate were combined, forming aqueous sodium acetate and solid lead(II) bromide. Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
solid lead(II) bromide. Solid sulfur (S8) reacts in oxygen gas to form gaseous sulfur dioxide. Solid sodium metal is placed in water to form hydrogen gas and a solution of sodium hydroxide. Solid glucose, C6H12O6, reacts with oxygen.
Solid glucose, C6H12O6, reacts with oxygen. Write the balanced equations for the following synthesis or decomposition reactions. Synthesis of gaseous nitrogen dioxide. Solid aluminum oxide is strongly heated. Liquid phosphorous trichloride is decomposed. Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Formation of gaseous ammonia (NH3). Solid copper(I) oxide is strongly heated. Zinc metal reacts with chlorine gas. Decomposition of gaseous sulfur trioxide. Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Formation of sodium oxide. Additional Problems from ﷟HYPERLINK "https://chemteam.info/Equations/Equations.html"ChemTeam: Balancing Equations & Reaction Types 1) Al + Pb(NO3)2 ⟶ 2) Cl2 + NaI ⟶ 3) Fe + AgC2H3O2 ⟶ 4) Al + CuCl2 ⟶ 5) Br2 + CaI2 ⟶ 6) Al + HCl ⟶ 7) Mg + HCl ⟶ 8) Zn + H2SO4 ⟶ 9) Fe + CuSO4 ⟶ 10) Cl2 + MgI2 ⟶ 1) Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 ⟶ 2) K2CO3 + BaCl2 ⟶ 3) Cd3(PO4)2 + (NH4)2S ⟶
3) Cd3(PO4)2 + (NH4)2S ⟶ 4) Co(OH)3 + HNO3 ⟶ 5) AgNO3 + KCl ⟶ 6) Na2CO3 + H2SO4 ⟶ 7) Al(OH)3 + HC2H3O2 ⟶ 8) Al2(SO4)3 + Ca3(PO4)2 ⟶ 9) Cr2(SO3)3 + H2SO4 ⟶ 10) AgC2H3O2 + K2CrO4 ⟶ 1) Ni(ClO3)2 ⟶ 2) Ag2O ⟶ 3) HNO2 ⟶ 4) Fe(OH)3 ⟶ 5) ZnCO3 ⟶ 6) Cs2CO3 ⟶ 7) Al(OH)3 ⟶ 8) H2SO4 ⟶ 9) RbClO3 ⟶ 10) RaCl2 ⟶ 1) MgCl2 + O2 ⟶ 2) Na + O2 ⟶ 3) P2O3 + H2O ⟶ 4) K2O + H2O ⟶ 5) BaO + CO2 ⟶ 6) BeO + CO2 ⟶ 7) Al2O3 + H2O⟶
7) Al2O3 + H2O⟶ 8) N2O5 + H2O ⟶ 9) NaCl + O2 ⟶ 10) Ra + Cl2 ⟶ 1) C6H6 + O2 ⟶ 2) C12H22O11 + O2 ⟶ 3) C25H52 + O2 ⟶ 4) C2H5OC2H5 + O2 ⟶ 5) C4H9OH + O2 ⟶

 

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