Lecture 5 - Valence Electrons, Ions, and Lewis Dot Structures

Monday, January 22, 2024

6:45 PM

 

 

 "(To account for) the total difference between the maximum negative and positive valences of an element (which) is frequently eight and is in no case more than eight, I designed what may be called the theory of the cubical atom." ﷟HYPERLINK "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/ja02261a002"The Atom and the Molecule - G.N. Lewis 1916. Historical textbook by Lewis: ﷟HYPERLINK "https://www.google.com/books/edition/Valence_and_the_Structure_of_Atoms_and_M/2hxDAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA107&printsec=frontcover"Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules (1923) Untitled picture.png Untitled picture.png ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28698/discussion_topics/658275"This week's overview Assignments this week: ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28698/assignments/984055"Activity 1 (Elemental Exploration: A Personal Journey through the Periodic Table). Write-up by due tomorrow Wednesday (1/24) Peer reviews due Sunday (1/28). ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28698/assignments/984618"HW 3 (2.1-2.2) on Aktiv Chemistry due tomorrow Wednesday (1/24) Covers periodic table, electron configurations, and valence electrons ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28698/assignments/986501"Reading quiz 4 (2.3-2.6) due Friday. ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28698/assignments/986593"HW 4 (2.3-2.6) on Aktiv Chemistry due Sunday (1/28). Covers ions, Lewis dot, and periodic trends Office Hours: Friday 11-1 CIC ﷟HYPERLINK "https://calendly.com/bricejurban/office-hours"By appointment Tuesday (1/23) Schedule: Finish up last week's discussion Ions Lewis Dot Diagrams Looking Ahead Thursday (1/25) Schedule: Share our research of the elements Periodic Properties (radius, ionization) Review of Chapters 1 and 2 Tuesday (1/30) Schedule Midterm 1 (in-class) chapters 1 and 2 Paper and Pencil Exam Scientific/Graphing calculator allowed One single-sided 8.5" x 11" sheet of notes. Practice Exam posted by Thursday Study by completing and reviewing the homework assignments, studying the end of chapter questions from chapter 1 and 2, and reviewing the lecture notes and reading quizzes Elaboration: What notation is used to indicate the electrons in an atom Electron Configuration Notation Hydrogen Long Form: # of Protons: Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Untitled picture.png Is # of Total Electrons: # of Valence Electrons: Oxygen Untitled picture.png Is Long Form: Short Form: # of Protons: # of Total Electrons: # of Core electrons: # of Valence Electrons: Silicon Untitled picture.png XOCQD Is Long Form: Short Form: # of Protons: # of Total Electrons: # of Core electrons: # of Valence Electrons: Untitled picture.png QX)Qč Long Form: Short Form: # of Protons: # of Total Electrons: # of Core electrons: Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Untitled picture.png QX)Qč Short Form: # of Core electrons: # of Valence Electrons: Arsenic Untitled picture.png 2s IS Long Form: Short Form: # of Protons: # of Total Electrons: # of Core electrons: # of Valence Electrons: Uranium Untitled picture.png Energy of Atomic Orbitals (A 7006000000000000 6000b0000boocooo 6s 500000000 0000000 36000 Is # of Total Electrons: Long Form: Short Form: Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings 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Untitled picture.png Energy of Atomic Orbitals (A 7006000000000000 6000b0000boocooo 6s 500000000 0000000 36000 Is Short Form: Evaluate: How can we relate electron configuration to the periodic properties? Valence Electrons! Untitled picture.png Isl 2sl 3s1 General Form: ns # of Valence Electrons: Ion Formed Mg ns 2S2 2pl 3s2 3p1 ns n 2s2 2p2 Si 3s2 3p2 ns n 2s2 2p3 3s2 3p3 ns n 2s2 2p4 3s2 3p4 ns n 2s2 2p5 3s2 3p5 ns n He 2p2 2p6 3s2 3p6 ns n Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
The valence electrons of an element determine its properties. Elements in each family across the Periodic Table have the same number of valence electrons. This explains why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties. Ions The-Periodic-Table-of-Common-Ions-v2.png THE PERIODIC TABLE OF COMMON IONIC CHARGES HYDROGEN HYDRIDE LITHIUM SODIUM POTASSIUM RUBIDIUM BERYLLIUM Be2+ MAGNESIUM CALCIUM Ca2+ STRONTIUM BARIUM Ba2+ RADIUM Ra2+ KEY Name of ion LITHIUM Ion formula When there is more than one common ion, the more common ion is shown on top. Elements for which no ion is shown are those which do not commonly form ions, or superheavy elements whose chemistry is currently unknown. CAESIUM FRANCIUM Ci SCANDIUM YTTRIUM La-Lu Ac-Lr TITANIUM(IV) TITANIUM(III) Ti3+ ZIRCONIUM HAFNIUM Hf4+ RUTHERFORDIUM LANTHANUM La3+ ACTINIUM Ac3+ VANADIUM(III) VANADIUM(V) NIOBIUM(V) NIOBIUM Nb3+ TANTALUM Ta5+ OUBNIUM Db5+ CERIUM Ce3+ THORIUM Th4+ CHROMIUM(III) Cr3+ CHROMIUM(II) MOLYBDENUM TUNGSTEN SEABORGIUM PRASEODYMIUM PROTACTINIUM(V) PROTACTINIUM(IV) MANGANESE(II) Mn2+ MANGANESE(IV) Mn4+ TECHNETIUM RHENIUM Re7+ BOHRIUM Bh7+ NEODYMIUM Nd3+ URANIUM(VI) URANIUM(IV) IRON(III) RUTHENIUM(III) RUTHENIUM(IV) OSMIUM Os4+ HASSIUM Hs4+ PROMETHIUM Pm3+ NEPTUNIUM COBALT(II) C02* COBALT(III) C03+ RHODIUM Rh3+ IRIDIUM MEITNERIUM Mt SAMARIUM(III) Sm3+ SAMARIUM(II) Sm2+ PLUTONIUM(IV) Pu4+ PLUTONIUM(VI) Pu6+ NICKEL(II) NICKEL(III) PALLADIUM(II) Pd2+ PALLADIUM(IV) PLATINUM(IV) Pt4+ PLATINUM(II) Pt2+ DARMSTADTIUM EUROPIUM(III) Eu3+ EUROPIUM(II) Eu2+ AMERICIUM(III) Am3+ AMERICIUM(IV) Am4+ COPPER(II) Cu2+ COPPER(I) SILVER GOLD(III) Au3+ GOLD(I) ROENTGENIUM GADOLINIUM Gd3+ CURIUM Cm3+ ZINC Zn2+ CADMIUM Cd2+ MERCURY(II) MERCURY(I) COPERNICIUM Cn TERBIUM Tb3+ BERKELIUM(III) BERKELIUM(IV) BORON ALUMINIUM A13+ GALLIUM Ga3+ INDIUM In3+ THALLIUM(I) THALLIUM(III) NIHONIUM DYSPROSIUM DY3+ CALIFORNIUM Cf3+ CARBON SILICON GERMANIUM Ge4+ TIN(IV) Sn2+ LEAD(II) LEAD(IV) FLEROVIUM HOLMIUM H 03+ EINSTEINIUM Es3+ NITRIDE PHOSPHIDE ARSENIDE As3— ANTIMONY(III) ANTIMONY(V) Sb5+ BISMUTH(III) BISMUTH(V) MOSCOVIUM Mc ERBIUM FERMIUM Fm3+ OXIDE 02- SULFIDE SELENIOE Se2- TELLURIDE POLONIUM(II) P02+ POLONIUM(IV) P04+ LIVERMORIUM THULIUM MENDELEVIUM(II) Md2+ MENDELEVIUM(III) Md3+ FLUORIDE CHLORIDE BROMIDE IODIDE ASTATIDE TENNESSINE YTTERBIUM(III) YTTERBIUM(II) NOBELIUM(II) N 02+ NOBELIUM(III) N03+ HELIUM NEON ARGON Ar KRYPTON XENON RADON OGANESSON LUTETIUM Lu3+ LAWRENCIUM O Andy Brunning/Compound Interest 2019 1 www.compoundchem.com I @compoundchem Shared under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives-NonCommercial licence. BY NC ND #1YPT2019 Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
The-Periodic-Table-of-Common-Ions-v2.png THE PERIODIC TABLE OF COMMON IONIC CHARGES HYDROGEN HYDRIDE LITHIUM SODIUM POTASSIUM RUBIDIUM BERYLLIUM Be2+ MAGNESIUM CALCIUM Ca2+ STRONTIUM BARIUM Ba2+ RADIUM Ra2+ KEY Name of ion LITHIUM Ion formula When there is more than one common ion, the more common ion is shown on top. Elements for which no ion is shown are those which do not commonly form ions, or superheavy elements whose chemistry is currently unknown. CAESIUM FRANCIUM Ci SCANDIUM YTTRIUM La-Lu Ac-Lr TITANIUM(IV) TITANIUM(III) Ti3+ ZIRCONIUM HAFNIUM Hf4+ RUTHERFORDIUM LANTHANUM La3+ ACTINIUM Ac3+ VANADIUM(III) VANADIUM(V) NIOBIUM(V) NIOBIUM Nb3+ TANTALUM Ta5+ OUBNIUM Db5+ CERIUM Ce3+ THORIUM Th4+ CHROMIUM(III) Cr3+ CHROMIUM(II) MOLYBDENUM TUNGSTEN SEABORGIUM PRASEODYMIUM PROTACTINIUM(V) PROTACTINIUM(IV) MANGANESE(II) Mn2+ MANGANESE(IV) Mn4+ TECHNETIUM RHENIUM Re7+ BOHRIUM Bh7+ NEODYMIUM Nd3+ URANIUM(VI) URANIUM(IV) IRON(III) RUTHENIUM(III) RUTHENIUM(IV) OSMIUM Os4+ HASSIUM Hs4+ PROMETHIUM Pm3+ NEPTUNIUM COBALT(II) C02* COBALT(III) C03+ RHODIUM Rh3+ IRIDIUM MEITNERIUM Mt SAMARIUM(III) Sm3+ SAMARIUM(II) Sm2+ PLUTONIUM(IV) Pu4+ PLUTONIUM(VI) Pu6+ NICKEL(II) NICKEL(III) PALLADIUM(II) Pd2+ PALLADIUM(IV) PLATINUM(IV) Pt4+ PLATINUM(II) Pt2+ DARMSTADTIUM EUROPIUM(III) Eu3+ EUROPIUM(II) Eu2+ AMERICIUM(III) Am3+ AMERICIUM(IV) Am4+ COPPER(II) Cu2+ COPPER(I) SILVER GOLD(III) Au3+ GOLD(I) ROENTGENIUM GADOLINIUM Gd3+ CURIUM Cm3+ ZINC Zn2+ CADMIUM Cd2+ MERCURY(II) MERCURY(I) COPERNICIUM Cn TERBIUM Tb3+ BERKELIUM(III) BERKELIUM(IV) BORON ALUMINIUM A13+ GALLIUM Ga3+ INDIUM In3+ THALLIUM(I) THALLIUM(III) NIHONIUM DYSPROSIUM DY3+ CALIFORNIUM Cf3+ CARBON SILICON GERMANIUM Ge4+ TIN(IV) Sn2+ LEAD(II) LEAD(IV) FLEROVIUM HOLMIUM H 03+ EINSTEINIUM Es3+ NITRIDE PHOSPHIDE ARSENIDE As3— ANTIMONY(III) ANTIMONY(V) Sb5+ BISMUTH(III) BISMUTH(V) MOSCOVIUM Mc ERBIUM FERMIUM Fm3+ OXIDE 02- SULFIDE SELENIOE Se2- TELLURIDE POLONIUM(II) P02+ POLONIUM(IV) P04+ LIVERMORIUM THULIUM MENDELEVIUM(II) Md2+ MENDELEVIUM(III) Md3+ FLUORIDE CHLORIDE BROMIDE IODIDE ASTATIDE TENNESSINE YTTERBIUM(III) YTTERBIUM(II) NOBELIUM(II) N 02+ NOBELIUM(III) N03+ HELIUM NEON ARGON Ar KRYPTON XENON RADON OGANESSON LUTETIUM Lu3+ LAWRENCIUM O Andy Brunning/Compound Interest 2019 1 www.compoundchem.com I @compoundchem Shared under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-NoDerivatives-NonCommercial licence. BY NC ND #1YPT2019 If you change the number of protons you get a different element If you change the number of neutrons you get a different isotope If you change the number of electrons you get an ion Adding electrons (which are negative) makes the atom negatively ﷐−﷯ charged. These are known as anions Element suffix is replaced with -ide e.g. nitride ion ﷐𝑁﷮3−﷯ Removing electrons consequently causes the atom to be positively ﷐+﷯ charged. These ions are known as cations Element suffix is kept same e.g. sodium ion ﷐𝑁𝑎﷮+﷯ CationsandAnions.png Cations vs Anions - Difference Between Cations and Anions with Examples Untitled picture See related image detail. "Cation - science pun cat new" by linkitty | Redbubble Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Untitled picture See related image detail. "Cation - science pun cat new" by linkitty | Redbubble Untitled picture.png Isotopic Notation (with charges) 15 3- Mass Number (A) Charge Atomic Number (Z) 7 Element Symbol # of protons # of neutrons # of total electrons type of ion (cation, anion Or not an ion) Short-form electron configuration e.g. [Ne]2s2 ﷐﷐﷮𝟏﷮𝑯﷯﷮﷮−﷯ ﷐﷐﷮𝟑𝟓﷮𝑪𝒍﷯﷮﷮−﷯ ﷐﷐﷮𝟒𝟎﷮𝑪𝒂﷯﷮﷮𝟐+﷯ ﷐﷮𝟒𝟎﷮𝑨𝒓﷯ ﷐﷐﷮𝟔𝟎﷮𝑭𝒆﷯﷮﷮𝟐+﷯ Untitled picture.png 2s IS Untitled picture.png 2s IS Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Untitled picture.png 2s IS Untitled picture.png 2s IS Lewis Dot Structures Untitled picture.png Na val e- 1 val e- Mg val e- 2 val e- 0 AI val e- 3 val e- 0 Si val e- 4 val e- 5 val e- 8 s val e- 6 val e- 8 Cl val e- 7 val e- 8 Ar val e- 8 Maximum of eight valence electrons Four areas (top, bottom, left, right) (one s + three p orbitals) One electron dot in each area before pairing Helium and Hydride are exceptions (only has s orbital) Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings

 

 

 

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