Lecture 1 - Scientific Method, Scientific Notation and Units in Chemistry

Tuesday, January 9, 2024

11:37 AM

"If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants." - Isaac Newton Welcome to CHEM 111 - 001 General Chemistry 1 Please take a seat where you like. A Periodic Table of the Elements is available at the back of the classroom. Lectures will be recorded via Panopto and uploaded to our Canvas site shortly after the end of class. My name is Brice Jurban and I will be your lecturer this semester. Homework this week: Complete Syllabus Quiz and Reading Quiz 1. (by Wednesday) Reading Quiz 2 and Surveys (by Friday) Aktiv Chemistry HW 1 (Chapter 1) (by Sunday) Schedule for today: Discuss course overview, website, and expectations Explain course materials and resources (how to study chemistry) What is Chemistry and why should you study it? Scientific Method Scientific Notation and review of the rules of exponents HiPER Calc - Is a free scientific calculator that you can use on your phone when you don't have a scientific calculator available. This might be helpful for today to follow along. Units in Chemistry SI base Units Prefixes Non-SI Units and Conversion factors Student questions and wrap up for the day Where is the CIC? ☺ CIC Map.JPG Babe Rwe' Pddks EDUC (071) EDUCATION GROSS SO FT; 17.183 FIRST FLOOR Chemistry 3rd Floor.png CN 2_! 」 L2_J Chemistry Computer Lab Administrative 丨 3 一 E00 00 一 S 一 Luauo Freshman Labs SCALE: Advanced Labs 1 0 20 〔 〔 〕 0 a Labs Ele 0 「 S 2133 CAMPUS LN ㄇ 凵 T R D FLOOR Where are your labs, my office and the computer lab? ☺ ♥ SCNC 314 Δ Δ
CIC Map.JPG Babe Rwe' Pddks EDUC (071) EDUCATION GROSS SO FT; 17.183 FIRST FLOOR Chemistry 3rd Floor.png CN 2_! 」 L2_J Chemistry Computer Lab Administrative 丨 3 一 E00 00 一 S 一 Luauo Freshman Labs SCALE: Advanced Labs 1 0 20 〔 〔 〕 0 a Labs Ele 0 「 S 2133 CAMPUS LN ㄇ 凵 T R D FLOOR ☺ ☺ ♥ ♥ Δ
What is Chemistry? Why should you study it? What is the Scientific Method? Lavoisier_and_His_Wife.jpg Founding Parents of Modern Chemistry Untitled picture.png Figure I .3 The interactive role of experiments, hypotheses, laws, and theories in the scientific method. Results inconsistent with hypothesis Revise hypothesis Goal or question Qualitative and quantitative data Hypothesis Experiments Results consistent with hypothesis Theory Theory modified as necessary by further experiments Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink 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Scientific Notation and Exponents Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Exponent Rules (﷐10﷮𝑥﷯)﷐﷐10﷮𝑦﷯﷯=﷐10﷮𝑥+𝑦﷯ ﷐(﷐10﷮𝑥﷯)﷮﷐﷐10﷮𝑦﷯﷯﷯=﷐10﷮𝑥−𝑦﷯ ﷐(﷐10﷮𝑥﷯)﷮𝑦﷯=﷐10﷮𝑥∙𝑦﷯ ﷐𝑛﷮(﷐10﷮𝑥﷯)﷯=﷐﷐(10﷮𝑥﷯)﷮1/𝑛﷯=﷐10﷮𝑥/𝑛﷯ ﷐1﷮﷐10﷮𝑛﷯﷯=﷐10﷮−𝑛﷯ ﷐10﷮0﷯=1 Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Examples Anything (except zero) to the zeroth power is 1 by definition This also applies to units The numbers in front of the factors of 10 are multiplied regularly. Scientific notation only has 1 digit to the left of the decimal.
Units in Science In science a number without a unit is meaningless The metric system is the preferred system of units SI (systeme international) units is the most important metric set Base SI Units What is measured Unit of measurement Symbol Length meter m mass kilogram kg temperature kelvin K time second s Amount of substance mole mol Common prefixes for SI units Prefix Symbol Multiple giga- G ﷐10﷮9﷯ mega- M ﷐10﷮6﷯ kilo- k ﷐10﷮3﷯ centi- c ﷐10﷮−2﷯ milli- m ﷐10﷮−3﷯ micro- 𝜇 ﷐10﷮−6﷯ nano- n ﷐10﷮−9﷯ pico- p ﷐10﷮−12﷯ femto- f ﷐10﷮−15﷯ atto- a ﷐10﷮−18﷯ Whenever you use an equation in chemistry your units should be in base SI units Consider the Kinetic Energy Equation ﷐𝐸﷮𝑘﷯=﷐1﷮2﷯𝑚﷐𝑣﷮2﷯ The mass should be in kg and the velocity in m∙﷐𝑠﷮−1﷯ Units for volume Untitled picture.png (e) 冖 q) WO L WO 0 L WO 00 L V = ﷐𝑙﷮3﷯
Untitled picture.png (e) 冖 q) WO L WO 0 L WO 00 L Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings 1 cubic meter = SI unit of Volume but this is generally too large 1 cubic decimeter = 1 L 1 cubic centimeter = 1 mL V = ﷐𝑙﷮3﷯

Conversion factors (can be found on back cover of textbook)

Most don't need to be memorized, but some are useful to know…

 

 

1 meter 1 centimeter 1 inch 1 kilometer 1 mile 1 angstrom Length SI unit: meter (m) — 1.0936 yards - 0.39370 inches 2.54 centimeters (exactly) - 0.62137 miles — 5280 feet 1.6093 kilometers 10-10 meters 100 picometers

Mass SI unit: kilogram (kg) 1 kilogram 1 pound I ton 1 metric ton 1 atomic mass unit = 1000 grams = 2.2046 pounds = 453.59 grams = 0.45359 kilograms = 16 ounces = 2000 pounds = 907.185 kilograms = 1000 kilograms = 2204.6 pounds = 1.660538 x 10-27 kg

 

1 liter 1 gallon 1 quart Volume SI unit: cubic meter (mg ) 10-3 mg — 1 clmg — 1.0567 quarts 4 quarts 8 pints 3.7854 liters 32 fluid ounces - 0.94633 liters

 

1 pascal 1 atmosphere 1 bar Pressure SI unit: pascal (Pa) -1 N.m-2 — 1 kg•m -2 — 101.325 kilopascals = 760 Torr (mmHg) 14.70 pounds per square inch (psi) 105 pascals 0.98692 atmospheres - 750.06 Torr = 14.51 psi

 

1 joule 1 calorie 1 btu 1 Calorie (nutritional) Energy SI unit: joule (J) 0.23901 calories - 9.4781 x 10-4 btu (British thermal unit) 4.184 joules 3.965 x 104 btu — 1055.06 joules 252.2 calories 1000 calories = 1 kcal

OK Temperature SI unit: kelvin (K) - -273. ITC - -459.670F oc + 273.15 - 32) +32

 The conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius requires an equation, rather than a simple conversion factor, because these temperature scales have different zero points and increments per degree, necessitating a two-step process of adjusting the baseline and then scaling the temperature.

 

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