Lecture 17 - Chemical Calculations with Limiting Reactants

Tuesday, March 12, 2024

1:30 PM

 

 

 “As with most of life's problems, this one can be solved by a box of pure radiation.” ― Andy Weir, The Martian Week 10 Overview: https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/discussion_topics/682160 Class notes for Lectures 1-16: https://bricejurban.github.io/CHEM111/ Assignments this week: ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/assignments/1008030/edit?quiz_lti"Reading Quiz 7 - Chapter 11/12 ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/assignments/1008026"HW 10 - Chemical Calculations: Limiting Reactants, Percent Yield, Solutions Extra Credit Assignment (due 3/17): ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/assignments/1003293"Extra Credit: Molecular Orbital Theory (Chapter 9.1-9.4) Midterm 2 is published on Gradescope and the answer key is outside SCNC 336. If you notice any errors in grading, please make a regrade request through Gradescope. Office Hours: Friday 11-1 CIC ﷟HYPERLINK "https://calendly.com/bricejurban/office-hours"By appointment Today's Schedule: Tuesday (3/12) Limiting Reactants Percent Yield Combustion Analysis (watch video) Looking Ahead Thursday (3/14) Molarity and Dilutions Calculations in Solution Titrations Tuesday (3/26) Midterm 3 When one of the reactants is limiting S’mores-Recipes.jpg To make S'mores requires a minimum of 3 ingredients: graham crackers chocolate marshmallows If we have 10 graham cracker halves, 5 pieces of chocolate, and 4 marshmallows, how many S'mores can we make according to this recipe: 2 graham crackers halves + 1 chocolate piece + 1 marshmallow → 1 smore Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
S’mores-Recipes.jpg Accident Growing Potatoes on Mars - When you forget to account for excess reagent ﷟HYPERLINK "https://youtu.be/4PZ0Ydwx7xA?si=n6CFpY4NjjN4qT3N"The Martian Hydrazine Scene - Original Book by Andy Weir The Martian Hydrazine Scene Press enter to activate In the book/movie The Martian, Mark Watney (Matt Damon) is stranded on Mars and needs food to survive. He has some 🥔 potato tubers, but lacks a steady supply of water. What he does have is a steady supply of rocket fuel and oxygen. How does Mark survive? (1) N2H4 (l) → N2(g) + 2H2(g) Hydrazine passed over Iridium catalyst decomposes to form nitrogen and hydrogen (2) H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(g) hydrogen burned in oxygen (oxygen generator) with the help of the wood splinters produces water ﷟HYPERLINK "https://hackaday.com/2017/06/30/hacking-on-mars-in-the-martian/"Hacking On Mars In “The Martian” | Hackaday What Mark forgot during the initial explosion in the Hab was to account for the excess oxygen he was breathing 🤣 Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
The Haber-Bosch Industrial Process of Making Ammonia ﷟HYPERLINK "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_HoWz5Kxfk"GCSE Chemistry - The Haber Process Explained #76 GCSE Chemistry - The Haber Process Explained #76 Press enter to activate, Machine generated alternative text: THE HABER PROCESS Haber-Bosch-reactionportion.png Machine generated alternative text: reactor catalyst 450 oc 300 bar ammonia (liquid) Untitled picture.png Machine generated alternative text: + 3H2 NITROGEN HYDROGEN IRON CATALYST Fe ZOOatm 2NH3 AmmoNlA HEAT)
Untitled picture.png Machine generated alternative text: + 3H2 NITROGEN HYDROGEN IRON CATALYST Fe ZOOatm 2NH3 AmmoNlA HEAT) The process of making ammonia is not only one of the most important chemical reactions but it also is a great way to understand multiple concepts in chemistry. Today I want us to practice determining the theoretical amount of product, i.e. the yield, formed in a reaction when we have a limiting reactant. Whenever there is a limiting reactant there is one or more excess reactants The ratio of the experimental (or actual) yield to the theoretical yield is an indicator of how well the experiment worked. In reality, this percent yield is always less than 100%. Untitled picture.png actual yield x 100 % yield theoretical yield Example 1: Consider the case where we have 6.0 mol of N2(g) and 6.0 mol of H2 (g) in the reaction vessel to produce ammonia Untitled picture.png Machine generated alternative text: Before Reaction After Reaction Untitled picture.png Machine generated alternative text: o nitro atom • hydrogen atom Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
If the reaction goes to completion, what is the maximum number of moles of NH3(g) that can be formed? Untitled picture.png Machine generated alternative text: The limiting reactant is The excess reactant is * 2NH3(g) This mtio because all of it gets used up. because some of it remains at the end of the reaction. The maximum number of moles of NH3 that can be formed is: ________ mols Example 2: Now let's consider the same reaction but now are given the amounts in masses and 40.0 g of N2 (g) and 10.0 g H2 (g) are combined. Do we have the same limiting and excess reactants? What is the mass of NH3 formed (theoretical yield)? What is the mass of the excess reactant that remains? If the actual yield of NH3 was 30.3 g, what is the percent yield? Untitled picture.png Machine generated alternative text: The limiting reactant is The excess reactant is * 2NH3(g) This mtio because all of it gets used up. because some of it remains at the end of the reaction. Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Untitled picture.png Machine generated alternative text: The limiting reactant is The excess reactant is * 2NH3(g) This mtio because all of it gets used up. because some of it remains at the end of the reaction. 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Example 3: When white copper(II) sulfate crystals [FW: 159.61] are combined with water [FW = 18.02], the reaction produces the bright blue solid copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate [FW = 249.69]. If we have 35.0 grams of copper(II) sulfate and 35.0 g of water, how much of the hydrate can be formed assuming no higher number hydrates form. Example 4: When ammonia gas is reacted with copper(II) oxide, nitrogen gas, water vapor, and copper metal are produced. (a) Write the balanced equation for this reaction. (b) How many kilograms of copper can be produced from the reaction of 12.0 kilograms of copper(II) oxide with 12.0 kilograms of ammonia if the reaction is found to have a 45% yield? Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
When ammonia gas is reacted with copper(II) oxide, nitrogen gas, water vapor, and copper metal are produced. (a) Write the balanced equation for this reaction. (b) How many kilograms of copper can be produced from the reaction of 12.0 kilograms of copper(II) oxide with 12.0 kilograms of ammonia if the reaction is found to have a 45% yield? Empirical Formulas and Combustion Analysis Chemical analysis shows that a sample is 60.34% magnesium and 39.66% elemental oxygen. What is the simplest formula of this substance? 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When an organic material is burned in a furnance with excess oxygen, the resulting water and carbon dioxide can be quanititatively found by the setup shown below Untitled picture.png Jeqnsqe 00 •ecvosqe Oh-4 Untitled picture.png + О2(д) (excess) СО2(д) + Н20(д) (u„balanced) Untitled picture.png + 6H20(g) anhydrous hyd rated Untitled picture.png NaOH(s) + C02(g) NaHCOg(s) Combustion analysis of a 1.000-gram sample of a compound known to contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produces 1.500 grams of CO2(g) and 0.409 grams of H2O(g). Determine the empirical formula of the compound. If the molecular mass is 201.13 g/mol, what is the molecular formula? Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Diethyl ether, often called simply ether, is a common solvent that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A 1.23-gram sample was burned under controlled conditions to produce 2.92 grams of CO2(g) and 1.49 grams of H2O(g). What is the empirical formula of diethyl ether? 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Diethyl ether, often called simply ether, is a common solvent that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A 1.23-gram sample was burned under controlled conditions to produce 2.92 grams of CO2(g) and 1.49 grams of H2O(g). What is the empirical formula of diethyl ether? 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