Lecture 6 - Moles, Moles, Moles

Thursday, January 25, 2024

11:50 AM

"It often happens that the mind of a person who is learning a new science, has to pass through all the phases which the science itself has exhibited in its historic evolution" (Stanislao Cannizzaro, Considerations on some Points of the Theoretic Teaching of Chemistry, 1872) ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/discussion_topics/658882"This week's overview Assignments this week: ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/assignments/986771"Reading quiz 5 on sections 3.1-3.7 due tomorrow Friday. ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/assignments/986531"HW 3 (Chapter 3.1-3.2; Supplement 1.1-1.4) on Aktiv Chemistry due on Sunday Read Chapter 3 (focusing on 3.1-3.2) Read ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/files/14069436?wrap=1"Supplemental Chapter (S1.1-S1.4) Activity 1: ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/assignments/985392"Energy Source Investigation Write-up by Wednesday (1/31) (6 days) ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/discussion_topics/654027"Peer reviews due Sunday (2/4) (9 days away) Office Hours: Today after class in ILC 118 Friday 11-1 CIC (Educ 107) ﷟HYPERLINK "https://calendly.com/bricejurban/office-hours"By appointment Email me if you have questions Today's Schedule (1/25): Discuss upcoming ﷟HYPERLINK "https://boisestatecanvas.instructure.com/courses/28699/assignments/945530"Midterm (on 1/30) Mole Calculations Stoichiometry Tuesday's Schedule (1/30): Midterm 1 (in-class) chapters 1, 2, 3, S1.1-1.4 Paper and Pencil Exam Scientific/Graphing calculator allowed One single-sided 8.5" x 11" sheet of notes. Practice Exam posted on Canvas No answer key Study by completing and reviewing the homework assignments, studying the end of chapter questions, reviewing the lecture notes and reading quizzes, and completing the practice exam Need to know: Kilogram, microgram (other prefixes) Conversions with time The link between the macroscopic world and the microscopic world is the number 6.022 ×﷐10﷮23﷯ This number is known as: Avogadro's number (NA)
It represents the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of ﷐﷮12﷮𝐶﷯ This number of atoms is known as one mole (mol) The mass of a single ﷐﷮12﷮𝐶﷯ atom can be found by dividing 12 g carbon by ﷐𝑁﷮𝐴﷯ Mass of a ﷐﷮12﷮𝐶﷯ atom = ﷐12.000 𝑔﷮6.022 × ﷐10﷮23﷯﷯ = 1.993 × ﷐10﷮−23﷯𝑔 The mass of one mole of atoms of an element is known as the molar mass with units of g ∙ ﷐𝑚𝑜𝑙﷮−1﷯ is numerically equal to the relative atomic mass of that element! 1 mole of Helium = 4.0026 grams 1 mole of Phosphorus = 30.974 grams 1 mole of Uranium = 238.03 grams 1 mole of N2 = 1 mole of Ba(SCN)2 = Untitled picture.png Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
Untitled picture.png This is what one mole of sulfur, sucrose, copper sulfate pentahydrate, sodium chloride, copper, and mercuric oxide looks like Converting between grams and moles The mole is the SI standard measurement of the amount of substance When substances react they do so in simple ratios of moles. However, we measure substances in masses (usually in grams), so before we can compare any two substances we need to convert them to moles To convert from g ⟶ mol you divide by molar mass g ÷ molar mass = mols To convert from mol ⟶ g you multiply by molar mass Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
To convert from mol ⟶ g you multiply by molar mass mol × molar mass = g Converting between moles and atoms/molecules/formula units/entities Once we know the amount of the substance in moles we use Avogadro's number To convert from mols ⟶ entities you multiply by ﷐𝑁﷮𝐴﷯ 0.01 mols Al ×6.022 ×﷐10﷮23﷯= atoms Al 0.01 mols O2×6.022 ×﷐10﷮23﷯= molecules ﷐O﷮2﷯ 0.01 mols CaF2×6.022 ×﷐10﷮23﷯= formula units Ca﷐F﷮2﷯ To convert from entities ⟶ moles you divide by ﷐𝑁﷮𝐴﷯ 5.13 × ﷐10﷮24﷯ atoms Ge ÷ 6.022 ×﷐10﷮23﷯ = mols of Ge Stoichiometry Literally means "measuring the elements" This is when we use a balanced chemical equation to help us with calculations We can use this to help us figure out: How much product we can produce in a chemical reaction from a given amount of substrates How much substrate we need to produce a certain amount of product How much excess reagent will remain at the end of a reaction (learn later) The most simple calculations are finding how many moles starting with moles. This is a one step calculation Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings Ink Drawings
If we have grams of reactant and need moles of product this takes two steps And if we have grams of reactant and need grams of product this takes three steps (This is the most common calculation you will do in chemistry labs) Untitled picture What we know about compound A grams of A particles of A P, V, and -r Use Ideal Gas Law gas A Use V at STP V and M of a solution 4 Moles of A Use Balanced Equation Moles of B To Move Between What we want to know about compound B grams of B articles of B O'oes Use Ideal Gas Law 000' V at STP -4 or M of a solution Stoichiometry Examples

 

 

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How many moles of water are produced when 5.00 moles of oxygen are used?

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How many moles of SO2 are required to make 125 mols of CS2?

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1.50 mol of KClO3 decomposes. How many grams of O2 will be produced?

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How many grams of NaCl are produced when 80.0 grams of O2 are produced?

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What mass of NO is produced by the reaction of 6.40 grams of oxygen gas?

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How many grams of H2 are required to produce 1.230 x 1024 molecules of water?

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